Canadian author Margaret Atwood is renowned for her classic dystopian masterpiece ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’, which was adapted into a TV series. Now, in her latest and much-awaited sequel ‘The Testaments’, we learn of what has become of three of the female characters fifteen years after the events that unfolded in ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’.
Admittedly, I did not read The Handmaid’s Tale, originally published in 1985, but have watched all three seasons of the TV series by the same name, and will be watching the fourth when it comes out this year. Nonetheless, it is worth summarizing key events so as to contextualize the plot and introduce the three main characters testifying in Margert Atwood’s The Testaments.
The Handmaid’s Tale tells the story of June who once was living in the United States with her husband Luca and daughter Hannah. Soldiers from the newly-formed Republic of Gilead were fighting to win ground and expand its territory and, in the process, taking women and children hostage so that they became citizens of this new “country”. Women are an important piece of the puzzle for Gilead as the fertility rate has nose-dived to unprecedented levels. So, women who have had children and are still of bearing age are a valuable commodity. Gilead has its own hierarchy; there are the Commanders, the Wives, the Handmaids, the Aunts, and the Econofamilies.
As a Handmaid, June does everything in her power to find her daughter Hannah, albeit unsuccessfully freeing her and taking her to Canada; and June does get pregnant, but the child is not from her Commander, Fred Waterford, but from his driver, Nick, with whom she has a secret romantic relationship despite the hardships of life in Gilead. Serena Waterford, the Wife, is thrilled when baby Nicole is born. Shortly thereafter Serena realizes that the new laws of Gilead, where girls are not allowed to read or write, will have a direct impact on “her” daughter Nicole. She tries to motion for change and in retaliation Fred orders that she have a finger cut off. Soon afterwards, June and Serena plot to smuggle baby Nicole out of Gilead and into Canada. Baby Nicole arrives in Canada safe and, unbeknown, becomes the poster child for Gilead. On the other side of the border, however, there are protests against the Gilead regime and returning baby Nicole.
The Testaments was one of the two works of fiction that shared the 2019 Man Booker Prize, and it is easy to understand how. Margaret Atwood does a remarkable job in giving voice to the three characters, each with her own way of speaking and thinking, a feat not easily accomplished in novel writing. Each chapter is a written testimony from three key witnesses: Aunt Lydia, Witness 369A – Agnes in Gilead, and Witness 369B – Daisy in Canada.
From Aunt Lydia we learn how the Republic of Gilead came to be, how women were forced from their daily lives in a free society to an old school gymnasium and had their patience, stress and endurance levels as well as tolerance tested before either being killed or being assigned new positions within the organizational structure of Gilead. Aunt Lydia proved to be the strongest, most resilient female figure there and played an instrumental role in establishing the Ardua Hall, the only place in all of Gilead where men – who dominate the Republic – are not allowed.
Ardua Hall is where the Aunts undergo training and live, and also where the Handmaids are taken to upon first arriving in Gilead and trained for their new roles, that of baring children for the families of Commanders and their Wives who cannot have children of their own. There is great injustice and suffering in the Republic of Gilead, and the Handmaids have it the worse. The Handmaids who successfully get pregnant and bear children are then forced from that Commander’s house and assigned to a new “post”, a different Commander’s house, for the same purpose.
Baby Nicole is an important piece of The Testaments. We learn that even fifteen years after being smuggled out, the people of Gilead and its leaders want her back. They condemn those who “stole” her and pray for her safe return “home”. And through both Agnes’ and Daisy’s accounts, we learn of baby Nicole’s fate as well as that of her mother June and half-sister Hannah.
While Aunt Lydia is a character easily dislikable in The Handmaid’s Tale, she grows on the reader with her uncanny resolute to return baby Nicole to Gilead only to have her freed shortly after her arrival – all a planned move that no one suspects her of orchestrating. The paths of Agnes and Daisy cross in a very calculated move by Aunt Lydia, and the two girls prove to be stronger than thought imaginable given that one was raised in the free world in Canada and one in the male-dominated, dysfunctional society of Gilead.
The two girls, Agnes and Daisy, go through harrowing ordeals and one almost loses her life leaving Gilead. Along the way, Becka, a good friend of Agnes and who, too, is in training to become an Aunt, sacrifices her own life as a means to create a distraction from Aunt Lydia’s escape plan for baby Nicole. This part of the story is sad, and leading up to Becka’s inevitable demise, the reader hopes there is another way out that does not see Becka lose her life.
In all, for fans of The Handmaid’s Tale, The Testaments is a page-turner that elaborates on intra-government complexities of Gilead and gives closure to the rise and fall of this highly complex and dysfunctional republic.